segregation+8b

//Dave M. Black School in Halifax White School in Halifax//
 * Many black schools were broken down houses made out of rotting wood with barely any windows.The black schools only had one room. The white schools were built out of brick and concrete. The white schools had many classrooms. In a black school only one teacher taught all grades. White schools had subject-specific teachers that taught different grades. In the end, white school just recieved more funding. These school conditions went directly against the Plessy vs. Ferguson court case where the Supreme Court said "separate but equal".**

Website:__** [|School Segregation in Virginia] (www.vahistorical.org/civilrights/education.htm)
 * __ASSIGNMENT # 1:

1) Schools in Virginia were segregated by color. Black or white. No arguements. 2) Both school facilities were funded by white state governments. 3) Whites did not want blacks educated.Black schools recieved less funding, less books, worse facilities, not well paid teachers 4) In black schools the children were barefoot. One teacher was supervising, teaching all subjects, and all grades or ages. 5) Black schools were overcrowded. 6) Most black schools were wooden. Whites had eight brick, stone, or concrete schools. Blacks totaled only two out of those materials. 7) Statistically shown white schools recieved $561,262 to only $176,881 black schools got. 8) Booker T. Washington setup a fund for new black schools. He gave $4,400,000 which was matched by $18,000,000 from local and state funding. One point two million dollars was given by other foundations. Lastly $4,700,000 was given by the community. 9) By the time Booker died he had built 5,357 black schools. 10) Libraries and other stores in towns were segregated by color.
 * __Information:__**


 * __Website__:** [|Brown vs. Board of Education] (infotrac.galegroup.com.k12/infomark)

__**Information**__: 1) This occured in Topeka, Kansas 2) Linda brown was denied admission to a closer school because of her color 3) This reached the supreme court of the United States. 4) The doctrine "separate but equal" applied by the Plessy vs. Ferguson case was unanimously overruled. 5) First time that segregation showed up in schools which violated the Fourteenth Amendment. 6) In 1955 the supreme Court stated that all Schools be desegregated "with all deliberate speed" 7) The rule was usually applied to only southern schools.


 * __Website:__** [|Brown vs. Board of Education] (www.worldbookonline.com/wb/Article?id=ar079300)

1) This court case occurred in 1954 2) The Supreme Court stated that segregation racially in public schools is unconstitutional 3) The full name of the court case is Brown et al v. Board of Education of Topeka, Shawnee County, Kansas. 4) Many other court cases were handled with this case too. 5) This court case really desegregated the U.S. society. 6) The occurred a lot in the Southern part of the U.S. 7) Many blacks lived in different neighborhoods, sat in different parts of the bus, sipped from different waterfountains than whites did. 8) Many of these southern state laws were called Jim Crow Laws 9) The court case that really segregated America was the 1896 Plessy vs. Ferguson case. the case stated that railroad cars could be segregated if equal in nature. that is where the doctrine "separate but equal" came from. 10) The Nation Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) chose Thurgood Marshall as their lawyer for Oliver Brown. 11) Oliver Fought that "separate is not equal". 12) The Supreme Court finally ruled that segregated schools violates the 14th Amendment because black schools were not equal as white schools. 13) The 14th Amendment states that all citizens are equal and must be treated equal. 14) In the 1970's still many schools were integrated. 15) Court's actually setup busing plans so black could go to white schools and whites to black schools. //Dave M.//
 * __Information:__**

-Little Rock Nine took place in Little Rock, Arkansas at Central High school.
 * Where did the Little Rock Nine take place?**

-School Segregation means the seperation of black and white school children and forcing them to attend black-or-white schools only.
 * What does segregation mean in schools?**

-School segregation was so unjust because of the fact htat black school children and white school children could not attend the same school because their skins were of differnt color. White school boards underfunded black schools. In the black schools, the administration failed to provide adequate facilities, textbooks/materials, or qualified teachers, and they got hand-me-downs from better funded white schools. The school buildings were very aged and provided little or no light and heat. the teachers that worked there were poorly paid and were unqualified and poorly educated. As opposed to white schools, South Carolina spent $179 on each white student enrolled in white school, but only $43 on each black student. these conditions were illegal, violating the equal protection of the 14th ammendment.
 * What made school segregation so unfair?**

-The Plessy vs. Ferguson case, which occurred in 1896, was one was to prevent segregation. This case argued the fact that blacks and whites were sperate but not equal. thsi was the argument because although they were seperated, they were not equal because they were still segregated. The Brown vs. Board of education was another way that they tried to prevent school segregation. That case allowed schools to be desegregated and allowed blacks to attend white schools. This occurred in 1954.
 * What did they do to prevent segreagtion?**

-The NAACP was the National Association for the Advancement of colored people. They were a civil rights organization and determined to improve the school environment of southern black children. //-Daniela D.//
 * Who were the NAACP?**

Equal protection means first and foremost that every individual is guaranteed the equal protection of equal rights. These rights belong to individuals, posession of rights based on race is a violation of equal protection. Race is an arbitrary category and therefore should not be based upon the rule of law. The segregation of blacks and whites is unconstitutional and violates several amendments that are granted to everyone. -The 14th amendment extends citizenship and civil rights -15th amendment protects the right to vote against racial discrimination. Within the constitution rights are given to every individual in which these rights are violated due to school segregation and so forth. Overall school segregation is not constitutional and is arguably racist, xenophobic and discriminitive. -Nicole T.
 * __Seperate But Equal?__**
 * Seperate is not** **equal**